![]() ![]() In the seventeenth century, a Dutch tradesman named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek developed high-quality lenses and was able to observe yeast for the first time. It took several hundred years before quality lenses and microscopes revolutionized science and allowed researchers to observe these microorganisms. At the time, no one knew that the alcohol produced during fermentation was produced because of one of these microorganisms - a tiny, one-celled eukaryotic fungus that is invisible to the naked eye: yeast. In so doing, they transferred microorganisms from their feet into the mixture. ![]() Wine producers traditionally used their feet to soften and grind the grapes before leaving the mixture to stand in buckets. Through empirical observation, people learned that temperature and air exposure are key to the fermentation process. If the mixture did not stand long enough, the product contained no alcohol but if left for too long, the mixture rotted and was undrinkable. Producing fermented beverages was tricky. The process was named fermentation, from the Latin word fervere, which means "to boil." The name came from the observation that mixtures of crushed grapes kept in large vessels produced bubbles, as though they were boiling. 2003).Īt the time, people knew that leaving fruits and grains in covered containers for a long time produced wine and beer, but no one fully understood why the recipe worked. In South America, people produced chicha from grains or fruits, mainly maize while in North America, people made octli (now known as "pulque") from agave, a type of cactus (Godoy et al. In Egypt, Babylon, Rome, and China, people produced wine from grapes and beer from malted barley. ![]() Mead, or honey wine, was produced in Asia during the Vedic period (around 1700–1100 BC), and the Greeks, Celts, Saxons, and Vikings also produced this beverage. All our manuals are in the public domain or permission received from manufacturer to reprint them.Over the course of human history, and using a system of trial, error, and careful observation, different cultures began producing fermented beverages. Printed double-sided in Black & White This is NOT an original as most of these manuals are out of print, but we use the best quality scans available. New Comb-Bound COPY of Manual listed in Title Instruction/Owners manual ONLY - no other parts or pieces included! Professionally Printed on Laser Printer using High Quality Paper Clear plastic on front and back covers to help protect the manual. Instruction/Owners manual ONLY - no other parts or pieces included! Clear plastic on front and back covers to help protect the manual. New Comb-Bound COPY of Manual listed in Title. Professionally Printed on Laser Printer using High Quality Paper. ![]()
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